What is the impact of maternal smoking on breastfeeding?

Maternal smoking significantly impacts breastfeeding, particularly by leading to decreased milk supply and introducing harmful substances into breast milk. Research indicates that smoking can disrupt the hormonal balance necessary for milk production, specifically affecting hormones like prolactin, which are crucial for establishing and maintaining milk supply. This reduction in milk availability can make it harder for infants to receive the nutrition they need for healthy growth and development.

Additionally, the process of smoking exposes the breast milk to various toxic substances, including nicotine and other harmful chemicals. These substances can transfer into the milk, posing health risks to the breastfeeding infant, such as an increased likelihood of respiratory issues, reduced immune function, and potential long-term developmental consequences. Therefore, the impact of maternal smoking on both milk supply and the quality of breast milk is profound, highlighting the importance of addressing smoking cessation as part of breastfeeding support.